3D Printing: Advancements in the Development of Personalised Pharmaceuticals for Older Adults

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a revolutionary additive manufacturing technology that constructs objects layer-by-layer. This versatile technology encompasses various processes and possesses unique properties. While originally not intended for this purpose, 3D printing has emerged as a promising approach for personalised pharmaceutical production, specifically Printlets™, which are customised dosage forms. The ageing population presents enduring challenges, and 3D printing offers innovative solutions tailored to this patient subgroup. These solutions encompass a wide range of dosage forms, including multi-drug formulations, orally disintegrating tablets, chewable medicines, multiparticulate systems, and formulations for visually or physically impaired patients. Moreover, besides solid oral dosage forms, 3D printing can also fabricate patient-specific devices for drug delivery via the auricular, topical, intravesical, or vaginal routes. This chapter provides an overview of different 3D printing technologies, highlights the various dosage forms suitable for older patients, and briefly discusses the integration of 3D printing with other advanced digital health technologies.